Medicine

In veterinary medicine, the field of medicine refers to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases and disorders affecting animals, excluding surgical interventions. It encompasses a wide range of internal medicine disciplines such as cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, and respiratory medicine, focusing on maintaining and restoring health through clinical evaluation, laboratory testing, and therapeutic management. Veterinary medicine emphasizes evidence-based approaches to manage acute and chronic conditions, improve animal welfare, and support public health by controlling zoonotic diseases.